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Is India Winning the War Against Pollution? The fight for cleaner air and water intensifies as the nation grapples with the escalating impacts of climate change. From the devastating floods in Assam to the alarming rise in air pollution levels in Delhi, environmental challenges demand urgent action. This week saw crucial discussions on sustainable agriculture and renewable energy sources at the India Climate Change Conference, highlighting the government's commitment to tackling deforestation and promoting biodiversity conservation. But are these efforts enough? Experts warn of looming water scarcity and the need for stricter regulations on industrial emissions. The future of India's environment hangs in the balance, demanding collective responsibility and innovative solutions. Explore Abtak.com for in-depth analysis and the latest updates on environmental policies, climate activism, and the ongoing struggle for a sustainable India. Discover how you can contribute to a greener tomorrow.

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EnvironmentJun 06, 2025 05:18 AM

With 128 heatwave days between 2010 and 2023, Punjab faces mounting climate threat | Chandigarh News - Times of India

Chandigarh: Bearing the brunt of rising temperatures, Punjab -- a key contributor to India's agricultural and industrial output -- is staring at a threat to crop yield and deteriorating air quality, which could lead to endangering public health. These alarming trends were underlined in the report, "Pathways to Net Zero in Punjab: The Critical Role of Non-CO₂ Pollutants," released on Thursday. The fact that Punjab recorded 128 heatwave days between 2010 and 2023, underscores the need for targeted and integrated climate action in the state.Compiled by the Punjab State Council for Science and Technology (PSCST), the Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development (IGSD), and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), the report marks a pivotal shift from focusing solely on carbon dioxide to addressing a wider group of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) that are rapidly intensifying warming and air pollution.In 2022, an early-season heatwave led to wheat yield losses of up to 25% in some districts. Air pollution has become equally alarming, with all nine monitored cities in the state exceeding national ambient air quality standards for PM2.5 this year. Projections suggest that average temperatures could rise by 2.1°C to 4.5°C by mid-century if emissions are not curbed.According to the report, which uses a 2019 baseline inventory of SLCF emissions, agriculture, industry, transport, and residential activities remain the primary sources of short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) in the state -- including black carbon, methane, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).Industry and agriculture together contribute nearly 89% of Punjab's total PM10 emissions -- 52% and 37% respectively -- primarily through fossil fuel use and open crop residue burning. The agricultural sector also accounts for 45% of PM2.5 emissions, followed closely by industry at 39%. Transport, responsible for 12%, reflects the growing influence of diesel exhaust on fine particulate pollution.Black carbon emissions, a critical climate and health threat, are driven primarily by transport (38%), agriculture (33%), and industry (27%). However, emissions from industry are relatively contained due to the growing use of air pollution control devices (APCDs). In the case of sulphur dioxide, industry dominates with 84% of emissions due to widespread coal usage. Transport, meanwhile, is the largest contributor of NOx emissions, accounting for 79% of the total, followed by the industrial sector (18%).To tackle these challenges, the report recommends an integrated set of interventions. These include electrifying public transport, implementing vehicle scrappage and hydrogen policies, and aiming for up to 58% transport emissions reduction by 2047. In residential sectors, 100% LPG adoption by 2030 in urban areas and by 2047 in rural areas is targeted to achieve near-zero emissions from cooking.The agricultural sector could achieve up to 91% reduction in methane emissions by 2047 through the adoption of direct seeded rice (DSR) and crop diversification. Livestock methane emissions could be reduced by 52% per unit of milk with improved breeding and fodder strategies. Simultaneously, shifting industrial boilers to paddy straw-based fuels could provide a sustainable outlet for managing crop residues while boosting farmer incomes.Implementation ChallengesAs of now, just 21,000 EVs are registered in the state -- a mere 0.26% of the total vehicle stock, compared to 5.59% nationally. High upfront costs, lack of charging infrastructure, and weak demand are key hurdles.The industrial sector struggles with legacy pollution from clusters in Ludhiana and Jalandhar, illegal mining, and limited enforcement due to weak monitoring systems. Most MSMEs, despite having energy-saving potential, face barriers such as lack of capital, technical know-how, and newer technologies.Clean cooking adoption, especially in rural and peri-urban areas, remains patchy.Although waste collection stands at an impressive 99.8%, only 41% of waste is processed; the rest ends up in landfills, contributing significantly to emissions. Composting and biogas units remain underdeveloped due to high operational costs and low market demand.In agriculture, rice still dominates, covering 40% of the gross cropped area, depleting groundwater reserves and limiting economic viability for smallholders. Dr Ravjot Singh, minister for parliamentary affairs of Punjab, said: "Punjab's commitment to a clean environment is evident in our ongoing efforts, particularly in urban waste management."Pre-dominant SLCF Emissions in PunjabPollutant | Total Emissions (kt/year) | Share PM10 | 397.99 | Industry (52%), Agriculture (37%)PM2.5 | 231.62 | Agriculture (45%), Industry (39%), Transport (12%)Black Carbon | 43.35 | Transport (38%), Agriculture (33%), Industry (27%)Sulphur Dioxide | 241.70 | Industry (84%), Agriculture (13%) Nitrous Oxides | 296.78 | Transport (60%), Agriculture (25%), Residential (8%) Industry (7%) CH4 | 631.51 | Livestock (34%), Agriculture (31%), Industry (27%) MSID:: 121649123 413 |

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